Essay about Women, Language, and Politics - 511 Words

Women, Language, and Politics nbsp; nbsp; Experts and nonexperts alike tend to see anything women do as evidence of powerlessness. The language of the media is replete with examples of how difficult it is for women to be regarded as beings with authority and power. The attitude follows women in power everywhere, but... nowhere is the conflict between femininity and authority more crucial than with women in politics. nbsp; The characteristics of a good man and a good candidate are the same, but a woman has to choose between coming across as a strong leader or a good woman. If a man appears forceful, logical, direct, masterful, or powerful, he enhances his value as a man. If a woman appears forceful, logical, direct,†¦show more content†¦Fainting conjures up a frail figure crumpling into a mans rescuing arms, maybe just for dramatic effect. Passing out suggests a straightforward fall to the floor. nbsp; An article in Newsweek during the 1984 vice presidential campaign quoted a Reagan aide who called Ferraro [Geraldine Ferraro- a 1984 vice presidential candidate] a nasty woman who would claw Ronald Reagans eyes out. Never mind the nastiness of the remark and of the newsmagazines using it to open its article. Applied to a man, nasty would be so tame as to seem harmless. Furthermore, men dont claw; they punch and sock, with correspondingly more forceful results. The verb claw both reflects and reinforces the stereotypical metaphor of women as cats. Each time someone uses an expression associated with this metaphor, it reinforces it, suggesting a general cattiness in womens character. nbsp; nbsp; In his book The Language of Politics, Michael Geis gives several examples of words used to describe that undercut her. One headline called her spunky and feisty. As Geis observes, spunky and feisty are used only for creatures that are small and lacking in real power; they could be said of a Pekingese but not a Great Dane, perhaps of Mickey Rooney but not of an average-size man. nbsp; Its not that journalists, other writers, or everyday speakers are deliberately, or even unintentionally, sexist in their use ofShow MoreRelatedThe Hidden And Gender Stereotypes Essay1016 Words   |  5 Pagesshould be performed by women and men. A gender stereotype is harmful and can lessen women when it limits their capacity to develop their personal abilities, chase their professional careers and make choices about their lives and life plans. The obvious biological form of men and women arise the challenge of the hidden language metaphors in science. While women have begun to earn acceptance in the workforce in the past decades, men have not yet seen societal acceptance in politics, let alone as caregiversRead MoreMedia And Its Impact On Society787 Words   |  4 Pagesthe other gender. Women and men have been represented in many different perspectives, which helped to develop the gender gap and differences between those two not only in their daily life but also at workplace. M edia today play main role in creating the glass ceiling through emphasizing on one character and ignoring the other characteristics that women have. Bligh mentions that the recent research emphases on the interaction between two obstacles that might impact women in politics: undesirable arrogancesRead MoreGender Differences In Communication Are A Set Of Rules1298 Words   |  6 Pagessituations. 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It also claims unity with â€Å"Third World† women and women of color, but the campaign is actually contributing to the stereotyping of Third WorldRead MoreJesus And The Politics Of Interpretation816 Words   |  4 Pages Jesus and the Politics of Interpretation, Fiorenza seeks to break the kyriarchal context in which Jesus is and â€Å"foster an identity crisis in the scientific self-understanding of the Historical-Jesus scholarship† (Fiorenza 2). Fiorenza, a professor at Harvard Divinity school, specializes in scripture and interpretation from a feminist perspective. She has noticed masculine language which d ominates in the construction of the Historical-Jesus and attempts to challenge this language to reform the contextRead MoreWriting Strategies For Students, Proper Modeling Is Required For Essay Formats And Analysis1569 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment (DET, 2008). 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One of the most contentious areas of gender research is pertains to the differences between male and female speech. While most authorsRead MoreWomen And The Feminist Movement1677 Words   |  7 PagesThat â€Å"women live dispersed among men† is the unifying condition of women and the feminist movement (de Beauvoir 8). Beyond that, differences in culture, in privilege, in circumstance all speak of the community that never was. Even so, both history and current conversation speak of women as though they were a unified group. If gender is performative and is the result of â€Å"an historical situation,† this generalization of women declares that women experience gender in one way (Butler 520 ). From thisRead MoreThe Causation And Consumer Reaction At A Fox News Reporter, Cody Derespina940 Words   |  4 PagesAugust a Fox News reporter, Cody Derespina, described the causation and consumer reaction to â€Å"Target Going Gender Neutral in Some Sections†. 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Influences Of Social Media Essay - 1082 Words

There is no secret that a modern day teenager’s life is built around the usage of technology. As a result of society’s heavy reliance on technology, social media has become popular amongst people who are â€Å"technologically advanced.† Though there is a wide variety of social sites that can be accessed through modern day technology, a few have become very popular. Social sites which have become widely popular among teens include Instagram, Tumblr, and Snapchat. These social networking sites provide instant social connection and emotional support while letting teens post and send pictures of their everyday life. Many teens look towards social media for emotional support and social acceptance. The continual usage of these sites are negatively†¦show more content†¦Instagram Features their most liked pictures in a tab on their app. In reality, the â€Å"Featured† tab on Instagram is for people who’ve obtained a high reputation in the social sc ene. These â€Å"Instagram Famous† individuals force people to want to attain more followers and ‘likes’ on their photos. The majority of teens use social media in order to measure their popularity against others. A popular trend called ‘selfies’ are now arising amongst teens. According to Victoria Woollaston, a science and tech reporter at Daily Mail, â€Å"The new craze, which involves posing by yourself before taking a picture, has risen in popularity, with over one million selfies taken every day†. Teens measure their self-worth by posting their ‘selfies’ on Instagram. There becomes a constant battle as to who can get more ‘likes’ and comments on a picture. Victoria Woollaston also states that, â€Å"The majority of teens post the photos in search of assurance and compliments, but they are making themselves vulnerable to negative comments and abuse†. In search for attention teens do not realize that they a re bringing down their self- esteem. Most teens are likely to delete a photo if it doesn’t get as many ‘likes’ as they would want or if they were to receive a negative comment on a photo. Today’s teens are now making it easier to get bullied through social apps. In many cases teens often bully themselves. There is a constant battleShow MoreRelatedSocial Influences Of Social Media718 Words   |  3 PagesInfluence of Social Media Nowadays, social media has a big influence in our society. Who is didn’t use social media? Almost everyone use Social Media. Indonesia ranked 6th as the most Social Media users. After China, US, India, Brazil, and Japan. Our teenagers are so active in social media. Maybe they could be online in social media almost 24-hours per-day. But there’s a good and bad effects of social media. So, there’s some of bad and good effects of social media that we will discuss here. 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Global Village free essay sample

Global Village Today the term global village is common the world becomes approximate day after day via technology which has been making our life style faster. The relationship with each other more consolidated. Also, an industry deems one of the important reasons to make the world become a small village. Although a existence of many agents to make the world as a small village, I believe there are three main reasons of that. The first and most important reason that helps the world to become as a village is global communication. Fifteen years ago or more, life was harder and needs more time to fulfill a small thing.However, today with all the technology around us, our life gets easier. For example, in the past, to say Hi to your friend who lives in another city, you needed to travel to see him but, now everyone has cellular phone to use which has an effect on our life style. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Village or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, the internet participates in development public relations between the five continents. Furthermore, the internet is an immense chance of making the world as a hamlet. The internet has enabled us to do a lot of functions and get so much enjoyment via the possibility of talk and meeting who you want, whatever the distance between you.Likewise, The media is taking an important part to make the world smaller in theory. In the seventies, radio has played the most important role for bringing people closer and know each other by their traditions. That has had a role for people to understand each other with the lack of images that reflect the reality and events. After that, papers are a way to know news with images from a site of events. However, TV replaced them and becomed the most effective in the world during a transmission of live events around the world.A second reason to helps the world to become as village is rapid international transportation. It has the strongest effect on facilitating and strengthening relations between people through travel and tourism and making friends. Trade is one of the important reasons for international transmission because of its impact for example, a commodity industry in a country with high quality forces traders from other countries to travel to the country which made the commodity and buy it to sell it in their country which draws our attention to visit that country and gives it global reputation in the industry.Also, tourism has contributed to a concept of globalization which recognizes civilizations people to other which influenced their thinking and their life style in future and thus be a way of life almost uniform in all parts of the world . In addition, transfer of good s is one of the factors affecting of globalization. For instance, many restaurant in Pittsburgh offer Italian , Indian and Arabic eating on the other hand American restaurants are spread all over the world such as McDonalds, TGI Fridays. This is evidence of globalization in transfer of food and goods.The final reason to helps the world to become as a small village is international relations. Its the most important feature of globalization. International relations have a major impact on peoples relation with each other and because the government decides this kind of relations they have with other countries. The Positive or negative relations with other countries is determined by common interests between countries. If you find common interests of relation that will be more effective and flexible. This helps in all aspects of globalization and the opposite if there is no common interests. For example, dispatching students to the U. S. reflects the common interests between the two countries, Saudi Arabia and United States. To summarize, there are important factors that led to globalization, Communication is one of the most important which has prominent role in intellectual exchange and knowledge between people. As well as international transport is the second step that helped to make the world more converged by traveling for trade or tourism. Finally, common interests between countries represent a fulcrum in the embodiment of the world in political and economic terms.

Diuretics Versus Beta Blockers as the First Step in Drug Therapy

Question: Discuss about the Diuretics Versus Beta Blockers as the First Step in Drug Therapy. Answer: Introduction Arterial hypertension affects millions of people worldwide. The condition is associated with high incidence of cardiovascular outcomes. Therefore choosing the right kind of medication warrants health and economic favour. The two most widely prescribed drugs which are used as first line drugs are diuretics and beta-blockers which functions. Beta blockers are drugs that targets beta-adrenergic receptors and acts by blocking the action of adrenaline. Such drugs are used commonly as a first line drug to treat hypertension, arrhythmia, angina, migraine as well as anxiety. By blocking the action of adrenaline the heart beat is reduced thereby reducing the pressure exerted on the arterial walls and improving blood flow. The activity of beta-blockers depends upon the chemistry of the drug. Some of the beta blockers are Acebutolol, Bisoprolol, Nevivolol, Propanolol, Metaprolol etc. The prescription of beta-blockers, however, is not considered till other medications such as diuretics, are considered ineffective. Although there are advantages of using beta blockers, there are associated side effects of the drugs that need to be accounted. Some of the side-effects are tiredness, weight gain, insomnia, depression and to some extent shortness of breath . The drug is not prescribed for patients with asthma as it might trigger adverse reaction. Moreover, this class of drug is known to promote imbalance in lipid profile temporarily. Diuretics, unlike beta-blockers, do not block androgen but rather helps in expelling excess salts and water from the body. Release of sodium into the urine leads to increased dispense of water thereby reducing the fluid volume in the blood vessel and finally leading to decreased pressure on the arterial walls. Three types of diuretics are usually prescribed by physicians which are thiazide, loop diuretics and potassium-sparing diuretics . The present article presents the advantages and disadvantages of using these two classes of drugs for management of hypertension based on research articles available in the public domain. Sources and selection criteria In order to select suitable scientific studies on the use of beta-blockers and diuretics as first line drugs a thorough literature search was conducted on NCBI PubMed, Google Scholar and pharmaceutical-journal.com. Search terms beta-blockers and diuretics, hypertension first line drugs, beta-blockers first line drugs and diuretics first line drugs were used to arrive at lists of articles before choosing few important and relevant ones. The search was limited to publications between 2000 and 2017. Major decisive factors for selecting research studies were involvement of a large population, randomized control trials, meta-analysis and clinical trials. Weightage were given if follow up was considered in the study subjects. Impact factors and reputation of the journal in scientific community was also considered for the selection of research articles. However, research publications which are conducted by pharma companies or sponsored by pharma companies were not selected as there are high possibility of getting a biased report. Methodology and results The search for clinical trials, meta analysis and RCTs resulted in many relevant research reports. However, 3 reports on meta analysis were selected for the study. The three selected literatures were based on comparison of diuretics and beta blockers, meta analysis on beta blockers alone or meta analysis on diuretics alone. According to Cochrane review of beta-blocker a clear indication of insignificance of the class of drugs on its ability to manage hypertension and a higher efficacy of calcium channel blocker is indicated (5). This is seen with a similar observation by Lindholm et al.,which accounted for 105951 subjects it was observed that beta blockers increases the risk of stroke by 16% as compared to other drugs. It also increases the mortality rate by 3%. Out of the beta blockers, medication with atenolol has the highest risk of stroke(6). Many clinical trials endorses the use of diuretics, thiazide in particular, for management of hypertension. In MRC trial with a large population it was observed that diuretics with or without beta blockers has the potential to reduce incidence of stroke as compared to the placebo control group. In a landmark clinical trial consisting of 33357 subjects above 55 years of age it was observed that there is no significant difference in the non-fatal myocardial infarction in groups with different medications but showed a reduced risk in long term use (7). The most important clinical trial on diuretics is perhaps the ALLHAT trial in which the choice of diuretics is kept as primary compared to other classes of drugs (8). This may be due to the efficacy and cost factor that plays an important role. Thiazides are used as monotherapy (9) however, it is seen to be much more effective in combination with other drugs (10). The efficacy also depends upon various factors such as age, race as well as renal health. It is recommended that instead of increasing the dose of thiazide for control of blood sugar a second drug should be coupled to obtain most efficient control (11). This is because thiazide is also seen to be linked to renal abnormalities in the long term. Diuretics on the other hand has significantly reduced the number of stroke and heart attacks when used a first line drug for management of hypertension(12). However, loop diuretics are not seen to reduce blood pressure significantly (13). Therefore, efficacy of managing hypertension largely depends upon the type of diuretic Advantages and disadvantages In a meta-analysis by Lindholm et al., it was observed that beta-blockers used as primary drug to manage hypertension is associated with higher risk of stroke when compared with other antihypertensive drugs (6). The study analysed data obtained from randomized control trials of a collection of beta-blockers. The study further adds that the efficacy of beta blockers as antihypertensive drugs is suboptimum and does not reduce risk of mortality or myocardial infarction.(14, 15) Both the type of drugs are not tolerated and both functions worse than other antihypertensive drugs. It was observed that patients on beta blocker tends to withdraw from the course in twice the numbers compared to diuretic patients (16). On the other hand, thiazide medication is seen to cause nephrotoxicity in the long run and even leading to renal carcinoma. Therefore, the question remains as to which drug should be preferred as first line drugs for hypertension management. Discussion It is estimated that more than of the adult population of the world are hypertensive and finding an effective drug with minimum unwanted side-effect will be of utmost importance. Beta-blockers and Diuretics that are prescribed as first line drugs to control hypertension have shown efficacy in management of the condition. Many of the patients with high blood pressure depends upon either diuretics, beta blockers (17), ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists or angiotensin receptor blockers. The unwanted outcome of beta blockers is evident from the LIFE trial which states that approximately 1,25,000 strokes are preventable in a period of 5.5 years in the European Union just by replacing the drug with angiotensin receptor blockers. In a similar study of ASCOT-BPLA replacement of beta blockers with calcium antagonists resulted in reduction of stroke by 23% (18). A comparison between placebo and beta blocker treated patients showed that there is no statistical reduction in blood pressure. With increase in the prevalence of hypertension in both developing and developed nations it is mandatory to set a specific guideline for management of the condition. As for instance despite the fact that beta blockers are less effective and promotes higher risk of strokes and cardiovascular abnormalities the use of the drug has remained high for the past 10 years in Germany with a 54% of the patients taking the drug. Comparatively, diuretics is the second most common drug with 48% of the patients using it (19). Although there has been an increase in number of hypertensive patients, the average mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure has dropped by approximately 5 mmHg. This indicates efficacy in managing the disease by medications. The present research is further limited because of the availability of meta-analysis data that combines studies from latter part of the 20th century. A significant literature source is available from this period which is easy to be missed unless curated properly. Conclusion With reference to the analysed research studies on beta blockers and diuretics it is observed that diuretics remains a first preference for management of hypertension. This is because the use of the class of drug is seen to be far more efficient than the beta blockers as it reduces chances of stroke and heart attacks much efficiently than beta blocker (20). However, the choice of the type of diuretics also matters as it was observed that thiazide diuretics are far more efficient than loop diuretics. A significant number of studies were conducted around the 1970s and 1980s and did not qualify our study criteria and had to be excluded from our analysis. However, the studies had significant information as a large population was analysed and is representative. It would have been more conclusive had there been meta-analysis based exclusively on more recent publications. The result of the study is also justified by the number of supportive evidence resulting in similar conclusions as those studies in the 1980s with more recent observations. It would have been more interesting had there been few more publications that studies the efficacy of different types of diuretics although we know that diuretics are a better choice over beta blockers. In conclusion it should be noted that Diuretics should be considered as first line drugs as it is the most economical and most effective and beta-blockers should not be considered as first line medication. It should also be a task to identify uncomplicated hypertension where no such medications are required. References Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A. Effects of blood pressure lowering on outcome incidence in hypertension: 4. Effects of various classes of antihypertensive drugsoverview and meta-analyses. Journal of hypertension. 2015;33(2):195-211. Bangalore S, Messerli FH, Kostis JB, Pepine CJ. Cardiovascular protection using beta-blockers: a critical review of the evidence. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2007;50(7):563-72. Ko DT, Hebert PR, Coffey CS, Sedrakyan A, Curtis JP, Krumholz HM. -blocker therapy and symptoms of depression, fatigue, and sexual dysfunction. Jama. 2002;288(3):351-7. Ernst ME, Moser M. Use of diuretics in patients with hypertension. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009;361(22):2153-64. Wiysonge CSU, Bradley HA, Mayosi BM, Maroney RT, Mbewu A, Opie L, et al. Beta?blockers for hypertension. The Cochrane Library. 2007. Lindholm LH, Carlberg B, Samuelsson O. Should blockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis. The Lancet. 2005;366(9496):1545-53. Shah S, Anjum S, Littler W. Use of diuretics in cardiovascular disease:(2) hypertension. Postgraduate medical journal. 2004;80(943):271-6. Appel LJ. The verdict from ALLHATthiazide diuretics are the preferred initial therapy for hypertension. Jama. 2002;288(23):3039-42. Rovin B, Hebert L. Thiazide diuretic monotherapy for hypertension: diuretic's dark side just got darker. Kidney international. 2007;72(12):1423-6. Harman J, Walker ER, Charbonneau V, Akylbekova EL, Nelson C, Wyatt SB. Treatment of hypertension among african americans: The jackson heart study. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2013;15(6):367-74. 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